El Salvador’s recent legislative action signals a significant shift towards potential unlimited power for its presidency. On Thursday, August 1, 2025, the Legislative Assembly, heavily influenced by President Nayib Bukele’s New Ideas party, approved constitutional changes that permit indefinite presidential reelection and extend presidential terms to six years. This controversial move, passing with 57 votes in favor and only three against, also eliminates the necessity for a second-round election, consolidating power within the executive branch.
Constitutional Amendments: A Pathway to Indefinite Terms
The approved constitutional reforms mark a pivotal moment in El Salvador’s political landscape. The core change allows a president to run for an unlimited number of terms, effectively overturning a long-standing constitutional prohibition against immediate reelection. This development follows President Bukele’s successful bid for a second term in 2024, which was enabled by a 2021 Supreme Court ruling—a court whose judges were selected by his own party. The Supreme Court had argued that preventing Bukele from running again would violate his human rights.
According to a report by Al Jazeera, the implications of these changes are far-reaching, potentially reshaping the balance of power within the Salvadoran government. The reforms also include a proposal to shorten Bukele’s current term, initially set to conclude on June 1, 2029, to June 1, 2027. This adjustment aims to synchronize presidential and congressional elections, a move that, while presented as streamlining the electoral process, is viewed by some as a further consolidation of control.
Details of the Legislative Approval
The vote on August 1, 2025, saw overwhelming support from the New Ideas party, securing the necessary majority to amend the constitution. With 57 votes in favor and only three dissenting voices, the outcome was decisive. This legislative action underscores the extent of President Bukele’s political influence and the ability of his party to enact significant constitutional changes. The Associated Press (AP News) reported on the swiftness with which these changes were pushed through, raising concerns about the lack of public debate and consultation.
Criticism and Concerns: Erosion of Democracy
The constitutional reforms have ignited widespread criticism, both domestically and internationally. Human rights organizations and political analysts have voiced strong concerns that these changes represent a significant erosion of democratic principles and a move towards autocracy. The ability for a president to seek indefinite reelection raises fears of unchecked power and the potential for abuse.
According to DW, several international bodies have condemned the reforms, highlighting the potential for an imbalance of power and the undermining of democratic institutions. Critics argue that the elimination of the second-round election further reduces the chances for opposition parties to effectively challenge the ruling party, solidifying the president’s control over the political system. The Victoria Times Colonist also published an op-ed criticizing the move, stating that it sets a dangerous precedent for other countries in the region.
International Reactions
The international community has responded with caution and concern to the constitutional changes in El Salvador. Various media outlets, including Aspen Public Radio, MySA, and Yahoo, have covered the developments, emphasizing the potential implications for democracy and human rights in the country. The focus has been on the long-term effects of allowing indefinite presidential reelection and the potential for a shift away from democratic norms.
Potential Impacts and Future Implications
The approval of indefinite presidential reelection and the extension of presidential terms to six years are likely to have profound and lasting impacts on El Salvador. The concentration of power in the executive branch, coupled with the ability for a president to remain in office indefinitely, raises concerns about accountability, transparency, and the protection of civil liberties. It remains to be seen how these changes will affect the country’s political stability, economic development, and international relations.
One potential consequence is the further polarization of Salvadoran society, with increased tensions between supporters and opponents of the ruling party. The reforms could also lead to a decline in investor confidence, as uncertainty about the future political landscape may deter foreign investment. It is crucial for El Salvador to uphold the rule of law, protect human rights, and ensure that democratic institutions remain strong and independent.
Ultimately, the recent constitutional changes in El Salvador represent a critical juncture for the nation’s democracy. While proponents argue that these reforms are necessary to ensure stability and continuity, critics fear that they pave the way for authoritarianism and the erosion of fundamental rights. The future of El Salvador will depend on how these changes are implemented and whether the country can maintain a balance between strong leadership and democratic governance.
